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What Are the New Small Business Tax Changes for 2026?

Small businesses in the United States need to understand the latest small business tax changes 2026 before preparing their tax strategy. New federal tax rules and inflation adjustments can affect deductions, business expenses, mileage, research costs, depreciation and taxable income.

The 2026 tax year includes several important changes following the One, Big, Beautiful Bill Act. Some provisions make previous tax benefits permanent while others create new opportunities for eligible businesses to reduce taxable income.

Why Small Business Tax Changes Matter in 2026

Tax rules can directly affect how much a business pays to the IRS and how much cash remains available for growth. Understanding the 2026 tax changes for small businesses can help business owners plan expenses, maintain accurate records and identify deductions they may qualify for.
Small business owners should pay particular attention to:
  • Business deductions
  • Qualified business income
  • Equipment and asset purchases
  • Business mileage
  • Research and development expenses
  • Self-employment taxes
  • Information reporting requirements
  • Excess business loss limitations

What Are the Major Small Business Tax Changes for 2026?

Several important federal tax changes may affect small businesses during the 2026 tax year.

1. The 20% Qualified Business Income Deduction Continues

One of the most important changes for eligible pass-through businesses is the continuation of the 20% Qualified Business Income deduction.

The provision under Section 199A has been made permanent, giving eligible business owners greater certainty when planning their federal taxes.

This may be relevant to certain sole proprietors, partnerships, S corporations and other qualifying businesses.

2. Business Mileage Rate Increases in 2026

The IRS increased the standard business mileage rate to 72.5 cents per mile for 2026, compared with 70 cents per mile in 2025.

Businesses that use vehicles for qualifying business purposes should maintain accurate mileage records throughout the year.

Keeping a mileage log can make it easier to support deductions during tax preparation.

3. 100% Expensing Can Benefit Qualifying Businesses

The 2026 rules continue to provide significant opportunities for businesses purchasing qualifying equipment and other property.

Under the updated rules, certain qualifying business property placed in service after January 19, 2025 may be eligible for 100% first-year depreciation.

This can be particularly useful for businesses investing in equipment, machinery and other qualifying assets.

4. New Research and Development Expense Rules

Businesses with research and experimental expenses should review the updated R&E rules carefully.

The One, Big, Beautiful Bill changed how certain domestic and foreign research expenses are treated. Eligible businesses may also have options involving prior tax years, amended returns or accounting method changes.

Businesses that invest heavily in research should discuss these changes with a qualified tax professional before filing.

5. Excess Business Loss Rules Continue

The limitation on excess business losses has been permanently extended and the applicable thresholds are indexed for inflation for tax years beginning after 2025.

This can be especially important for business owners who report significant losses from business activities.

6. Information Reporting Threshold Changes

For certain reportable payments made after 2025, the information reporting threshold increases to $2,000.

Small businesses should review their vendor payments and reporting procedures to determine which payments may require information returns.

How Small Business Tax Deductions Can Help in 2026

Understanding small business tax deductions 2026 is important for reducing taxable business income while remaining compliant.

Depending on the business structure and circumstances, businesses may have deductions related to:

  • Business vehicle expenses
  • Equipment and machinery
  • Employee wages
  • Professional services
  • Office expenses
  • Business insurance
  • Advertising and marketing
  • Qualified business expenses
  • Research and experimental expenses

A deduction should only be claimed when the expense qualifies under applicable IRS rules and proper documentation is maintained.

Who Should Pay Attention to the 2026 Tax Changes?

The changes may be particularly relevant to:

  • Sole proprietors
  • Partnerships
  • S corporations
  • Small corporations
  • Startups
  • Professional service businesses
  • Retail businesses
  • Technology companies
  • Businesses investing in equipment
  • Businesses with research expenses

The impact will depend on the business structure, income, expenses and applicable tax elections.

How to Prepare Your Small Business for 2026 Taxes

Business owners should not wait until tax filing season to review their tax position.

Start by maintaining accurate bookkeeping throughout the year. Separate personal and business expenses and keep receipts, invoices, mileage records and other supporting documents.

Businesses should also review major purchases, payroll records, contractor payments and research expenses to determine whether the 2026 rules affect their tax planning.

Working with a professional tax advisor can help identify applicable deductions and reduce the risk of filing errors.

Why 2026 Tax Planning Is Important for Small Businesses

The 2026 tax year provides several opportunities for eligible businesses, but the rules can also be complicated.

The permanent 20% QBI deduction, increased mileage rate, updated R&E treatment and enhanced depreciation provisions can all influence business tax planning.

Planning throughout the year allows business owners to make informed financial decisions instead of trying to find tax-saving opportunities after the year has already ended.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the biggest small business tax changes for 2026?

Important changes include the continuation of the 20% QBI deduction, a 72.5-cent business mileage rate, updated R&E expense rules, changes to information reporting and permanent excess business loss limitations.

Is the 20% small business deduction still available in 2026?

Yes. The Section 199A qualified business income deduction was made permanent for eligible businesses.

What is the 2026 business mileage rate?

The IRS standard mileage rate for business use is 72.5 cents per mile for 2026.

Are equipment purchases deductible in 2026?

Certain qualifying business property may qualify for 100% first-year depreciation under the updated rules. Eligibility depends on the property and when it was placed in service.

Did R&D tax rules change for small businesses in 2026?

Yes. The tax treatment of certain research and experimental expenses changed, and eligible businesses may have options for prior tax years.

How can a small business prepare for the 2026 tax changes?

Maintain accurate bookkeeping, track business expenses, document mileage, review equipment purchases and research expenses, and discuss applicable tax provisions with a qualified tax professional.